Mating preference is mating system and relatedness dependent in the ladybird beetle, <i>Menochilus sexmaculatus</i>

Mate choice results from the sensory or behavioural properties that cause individuals to mate with some phenotypes and not others. It can result in direct indirect (genetic) benefits. also be influenced by various abiotic biotic factors including mating system. Here, we investigated how system of ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus, influences affects time commencement mating, copulation duration, fecundity percent egg viability. We tested whether is dynamically affected relatedness. found monandrous polyandrous females both preferred rather than males. In contrast, males over females. However, unrelated monogynous which were earlier rejected related polygynous Mating relatedness impacted commence This will help us understand precisely why these shifts occur, subject future study.